[FeFe] Group A4-hydrogenase
This entry was last updated at: June 13, 2016, 11:11 a.m.
Properties
| Group | FeFe]-hydrogenases |
| Subgroup | [FeFe] Group A4: Formate dehydrogenase-linked |
| Function | Most complexes appear to couple oxidation of formate to fermentative evolution of H2. Several complexes are multifunctional bifurcating complexes that can use the electrons from H2 or formate to simultaneously reduce NADP and ferredoxin. |
| Activity | H2-evolution or electron-bifurcation |
| Oxygen tolerance | O2-labile |
| Localisation | Cytosolic |
Distribution
| Ecosystem distribution | Gastrointestinal tracts, anoxic soils and sediments |
| Taxonomic distribution | Present in some Firmicutes |
Genetic Organisation
Organisation 1: Clostridium pasteurianum (WP_023975234.1):
Organisation 2: Clostridium autoethanogenum (WP_023162857.1):
Architecture
| Structures |
|
| Subunits | 3 or 4 |
| Subunit description | HytA (catalytic subunit) HytE1 (iron-sulfur subunit) HytE2 (iron-sulfur subunit) In organisation 2, a diaphorase (HytB), thioredoxin (HytC), and iron-sulfur protein (HytD) are also present |
| Catalytic site | [FeFe]-centre |
| FeS clusters | 2 [4Fe4S] clusters |
Sequences in this class
| NCBI Accession | Organism | Hydrogenase Class | Phylum | Order | Activity (Predicted) | Oxygen Tolerance (Predicted) | Subunits (Predicted) | Metal Centres (Predicted) | Accessory Subunits (Predicted) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WP_007063270.1 | Clostridium carboxidivorans | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Clostridiales | Bifurcating | Labile | 6 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADP dehydrogenase, four FeS proteins |
| WP_011393383.1 | Moorella thermoacetica | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 6 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | NADP dehydrogenase, four FeS proteins |
| WP_011989407.1 | Clostridium kluyveri | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Clostridiales | Bifurcating | Labile | 6 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | NADP dehydrogenase, four FeS proteins |
| WP_013237377.1 | Clostridium ljungdahlii | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Clostridiales | Bifurcating | Labile | 6 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | NADP dehydrogenase, four FeS proteins |
| WP_014355220.1 | Acetobacterium woodii | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Clostridiales | Bifurcating | Labile | 6 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADP dehydrogenase, four FeS proteins |
| WP_015707165.1 | Treponema primitia | [FeFe] Group A4 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetales | Bifurcating | Labile | 6 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADP dehydrogenase, four FeS proteins |
| WP_023162857.1 | Clostridium autoethanogenum | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Clostridiales | Bifurcating | Labile | 6 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | NADP dehydrogenase, four FeS proteins |
| WP_007285433.1 | Intestinibacter bartlettii | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Clostridiales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_007960496.1 | Pelosinus fermentans | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Selenomonadales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_010295100.1 | Clostridium senegalense | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Clostridiales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_010345843.1 | Paenibacillus peoriae | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Bacillales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_011187724.1 | Desulfotalea psychrophila | [FeFe] Group A4 | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfobacterales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_011366599.1 | Desulfovibrio alaskensis | [FeFe] Group A4 | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_011388063.1 | Rhodospirillum rubrum | [FeFe] Group A4 | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhodospirillales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_012031839.1 | Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Clostridiales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_012662530.1 | Desulfobacterium autotrophicum | [FeFe] Group A4 | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfobacterales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_012765956.1 | Desulfovibrio salexigens | [FeFe] Group A4 | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_013238388.1 | Clostridium ljungdahlii | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Clostridiales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_013275594.1 | Thermosediminibacter oceani | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_014282026.1 | Paenibacillus terrae | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Bacillales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_015337360.1 | Desulfovibrio hydrothermalis | [FeFe] Group A4 | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_016822145.1 | Paenibacillus polymyxa | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Bacillales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_018591881.1 | Terrisporobacter glycolicus | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Clostridiales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_018884458.1 | Paenibacillus massiliensis | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Bacillales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_021432325.1 | Peptoclostridium bifermentans | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Clostridiales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_023975234.1 | Clostridium pasteurianum | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Clostridiales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_024825939.1 | Desulfovibrio magneticus | [FeFe] Group A4 | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_025688954.1 | Paenibacillus zanthoxyli | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Bacillales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_025700928.1 | Paenibacillus forsythiae | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Bacillales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_026885750.1 | Clostridium beijerinckii | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Clostridiales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_027186285.1 | Desulfovibrio inopinatus | [FeFe] Group A4 | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_027721164.1 | Desulfovibrio zosterae | [FeFe] Group A4 | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_028591227.1 | Paenibacillus panacisoli | [FeFe] Group A4 | Firmicutes | Bacillales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
| WP_027186285.1 | Desulfovibrio inopinatus | [FeFe] Group A4 | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionales | Evolving | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | FeS protein, FeS protein |
Literature
Genetics:
- Calusinska, M., Happe, T., Joris, B., and Wilmotte, A. (2010) The surprising diversity of clostridial hydrogenases: a comparative genomic perspective. Microbiol. 156: 1575-1588.
- Greening, C., Biswas, A., Carere, C.R., Jackson, C.J., Taylor, M.C., Stott, M.B., Cook, G.M., and Morales, S.E. (2016) Genomic and metagenomic surveys of hydrogenase distribution indicate H2 is a widely utilised energy source for microbial growth and survival. ISME J. 10: 761-777.
Physiology:
- Buckel, W. and Thauer, R.K. (2013) Energy conservation via electron bifurcating ferredoxin reduction and proton/Na+ translocating ferredoxin oxidation. BBA Bioenerg. 1827: 94-113.
- Wang, S., Huang, H., Kahnt, J., Mueller, A.P., Köpke, M., and Thauer, R.K. (2013) NADP-specific electron-bifurcating [FeFe]-hydrogenase in a functional complex with formate dehydrogenase in Clostridium autoethanogenum grown on CO. J. Bacteriol. 195: 4373-4386.