[NiFe] Group 1b-hydrogenase

This entry was last updated at: Feb. 9, 2018, 7:09 a.m.

Properties

Group	[NiFe] Group 1: Respiratory H₂-uptake [NiFe] hydrogenases
Subgroup	[NiFe] Group 1b: Prototypical
Function	Hydrogenotrophic respiration using sulfate, fumarate, nitrate, metals, and azo compounds as terminal electron acceptors. Enzyme transfers H₂-liberated electrons through cytochromes to terminal reductase.
Activity	H₂-uptake (unidirectional)
Oxygen tolerance	O₂-sensitive
Localisation	Membrane-bound or periplasmic

Distribution

Ecosystem distribution	Anoxic soils and sediments, marine waters, animal gastrointestinal tracts
Taxonomic distribution	Widespread in Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria

Genetic Organisation

e.g. Wolinella succinogenes (WP_011139497.1):

Architecture

Structures	4U9H (Desulfovibrio vulgaris, 0.9 Å resolution, reduced) 4U9I (Desulfovibrio vulgaris, 1.1 Å resolution, reduced) 1H2R (Desulfovibrio vulgaris, 1.4 Å resolution, active) 1H2A (Desulfovibrio vulgaris, 1.8 Å resolution, oxidised) 1YRQ (Desulfovibrio fructosovorans, 2.1 Å resolution, oxidised) 4URH (Desulfovibrio fructosovorans, 1.4 Å resolution, oxidised) 1YQW (Desulfovibrio fructosovorans, 1.8 Å resolution, oxidised) 4FRF (Desulfovibrio fructosovorans, 2.7 Å resolution, oxidised) 1YQ9 (Desulfovibrio gigas, 2.4 Å resolution, oxidised) 2FRV (Desulfovibrio gigas, 2.5 Å resolution, oxidised) 1FRV (Desulfovibrio gigas, 2.9 Å resolution, oxidised) 1E3D (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, 1.8 Å resolution, oxidised)
Subunits	3
Subunit description	HynB (hydrogenase large subunit) HynA (hydrogenase small subunit) HynC (cytochrome b subunit) In Deltaproteobacteria, CycA (cytochrome c₃ subunit) substitutes for HynC
Catalytic site	[NiFe]-centre
FeS clusters	Proximal: 4Cys[4Fe4S] or 3Cys1Asn[4Fe4S] Medial: 3Cys[3Fe4S] Distal: 3Cys1His[4Fe4S]

Sequences in this class

NCBI Accession	Organism	Hydrogenase Class	Phylum	Order	Activity (Predicted)	Oxygen Tolerance (Predicted)	Subunits (Predicted)	Metal Centres (Predicted)	Accessory Subunits (Predicted)
WP_027188779.1	Desulfovibrio cuneatus	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_020001707.1	Desulfovibrio desulfuricans	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_005996860.1	Desulfovibrio fructosivorans	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_021760964.1	Desulfovibrio gigas	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_015337220.1	Desulfovibrio hydrothermalis	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_027182711.1	Desulfovibrio inopinatus	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_022660651.1	Desulfovibrio longus	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_015860257.1	Desulfovibrio magneticus	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_018125512.1	Desulfovibrio oxyclinae	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_018126002.1	Desulfovibrio oxyclinae	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_015414692.1	Desulfovibrio piezophilus	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_015415315.1	Desulfovibrio piezophilus	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_006008218.1	Desulfovibrio piger	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_027191085.1	Desulfovibrio putealis	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_015851793.1	Desulfovibrio salexigens	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_020879797.1	Desulfovibrio sp. X2	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_010939208.1	Desulfovibrio vulgaris	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_010939796.1	Desulfovibrio vulgaris	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_027722919.1	Desulfovibrio zosterae	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfovibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_025391229.1	Desulfurella acetivorans	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfurellales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_022670762.1	Hippea alviniae	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfurellales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_013682101.1	Hippea maritima	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfurellales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_025270233.1	Hippea sp. KM1	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Desulfurellales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_007473991.1	Caminibacter mediatlanticus	[NiFe] Group 1b	Epsilonproteobacteria	Nautiliales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_007474315.1	Caminibacter mediatlanticus	[NiFe] Group 1b	Epsilonproteobacteria	Nautiliales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_024789021.1	Lebetimonas sp. JH292	[NiFe] Group 1b	Epsilonproteobacteria	Nautiliales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_012663540.1	Nautilia profundicola	[NiFe] Group 1b	Epsilonproteobacteria	Nautiliales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_012082337.1	Nitratiruptor sp. SB155-2	[NiFe] Group 1b	Epsilonproteobacteria	Nautiliales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_011699790.1	Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Syntrophobacterales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_011371454.1	Thiomicrospira crunogena	[NiFe] Group 1b	Gammaproteobacteria	Thiotrichales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_025322049.1	Deferrisoma camini	[NiFe] Group 1b	Deltaproteobacteria	Unclassified	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_012083422.1	Sulfurovum sp. NBC37-1	[NiFe] Group 1b	Epsilonproteobacteria	Unclassified	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_005368230.1	Photobacterium angustum	[NiFe] Group 1b	Gammaproteobacteria	Vibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_005299657.1	Photobacterium damselae	[NiFe] Group 1b	Gammaproteobacteria	Vibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_008987220.1	Photobacterium leiognathi	[NiFe] Group 1b	Gammaproteobacteria	Vibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome
WP_023403981.1	Vibrio halioticoli	[NiFe] Group 1b	Gammaproteobacteria	Vibrionales	Anaerobic Uptake	Sensitive	3	[NiFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [3Fe4S] cluster	Cytochrome

Literature

Genetics:

Deckers, H.M., Wilson, F.R., and Voordouw, G. (1990) Cloning and sequencing of a [NiFe] hydrogenase operon from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F. Microbiol. 136: 2021-2028.
Greening, C., Biswas, A., Carere, C.R., Jackson, C.J., Taylor, M.C., Stott, M.B., Cook, G.M., and Morales, S.E. (2016) Genomic and metagenomic surveys of hydrogenase distribution indicate H₂ is a widely utilised energy source for microbial growth and survival. ISME J. 10: 761-777.
Kruse, S., Goris, T., Wolf, M., Wei, X., and Diekert, G. (2017). The NiFe hydrogenases of the tetrachloroethene-respiring Epsilonproteobacterium Sulfurospirillum multivorans: biochemical studies and transcription analysis. Front. Microbiol. 8: 444.
Li, C., Peck Jr, H.D., LeGall, J., and Przybyla, A.E. (1987) Cloning, characterization, and sequencing of the genes encoding the large and small subunits of the periplasmic [NiFe] hydrogenase of Desulfovibrio gigas. DNA 6: 539-551.
Rousset, M., Dermoun, Z., Chippaux, M., and Belaich, J.P. (1991) Marker exchange mutagenesis of the hydN genes in Desulfovibrio fructosovorans. Mol. Microbiol. 5: 1735-1740.
Rousset, M., Dermoun, Z., Hatchikian, C.E., and Bélaich, J.P. (1990) Cloning and sequencing of the locus encoding the large and small subunit genes of the periplasmic [NiFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio fructosovorans. Gene 94: 95-101.
Rousset, M., Dermoun, Z., Wall, J.D., and Belaich, J.P. (1993) Analysis of the periplasmic [NiFe] hydrogenase transcription unit from Desulfovibrio fructosovorans. J. Bacteriol. 175: 3388-3393.
Rousset, M., Magro, V., Forget, N., Guigliarelli, B., Belaich, J.P., and Hatchikian, E.C. (1998) Heterologous expression of the Desulfovibrio gigas [NiFe] hydrogenase in Desulfovibrio fructosovorans MR400. J. Bacteriol. 180: 4982-4986.
Voordouw, G. and Brenner, S. (1985) Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough). Eur. J. Biochem. 148: 515-520.
Voordouw, G., Menon, N.K., LeGall, J., Choi, E.S., Peck, H.D., and Przybyla, A.E. (1989) Analysis and comparison of nucleotide sequences encoding the genes for [NiFe] and [NiFeSe] hydrogenases from Desulfovibrio gigas and Desulfovibrio baculatus. J. Bacteriol. 171: 2894-2899.
van der Stel, A.X., Boogerd, F.C., Huynh, S., Parker, C.T., van Dijk, L., van Putten, J.P. and Wösten, M.M. (2017) Generation of the membrane potential and its impact on the motility, ATP production and growth in Campylobacter jejuni. Mol. Microbiol. 105: 637-651.
Voordouw, G., Niviere, V., Ferris, F.G., Fedorak, P.M., and Westlake, D.W. (1990) Distribution of hydrogenase genes in Desulfovibrio spp. and their use in identification of species from the oil field environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 3748-3754.
Wawer, C., Jetten, M.S., and Muyzer, G. (1997) Genetic diversity and expression of the [NiFe] hydrogenase large-subunit gene of Desulfovibrio spp. in environmental samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 4360-4369.

Physiology:

Badziong, W., Thauer, R.K., and Zeikus, J.G. (1978) Isolation and characterization of Desulfovibrio growing on hydrogen plus sulfate as the sole energy source. Arch. Microbiol. 116: 41-49.
Bell, G.R., LeGall, J., and Peck, H.D. (1974) Evidence for the periplasmic location of hydrogenase in Desulfovibrio gigas. J. Bacteriol. 120: 994-997.
Brandis, A. and Thauer, R.K. (1981) Growth of Desulfovibrio species on hydrogen and sulphate as sole energy source. Microbiol. 126: 249-252.
Caffrey, S.M., Park, H.S., Voordouw, J.K., He, Z., Zhou, J., and Voordouw, G. (2007) Function of periplasmic hydrogenases in the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough. J. Bacteriol. 189: 6159-6167.
Casalot, L., Valette, O., De Luca, G., Dermoun, Z., Rousset, M., and de Philip, P., (2002) Construction and physiological studies of hydrogenase depleted mutants of Desulfovibrio fructosovorans. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 214: 107-112.
Chardin, B., Giudici-Orticoni, M.T., De Luca, G., Guigliarelli, B. and Bruschi, M. (2003) Hydrogenases in sulfate-reducing bacteria function as chromium reductase. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 63: 315-321.
Da Silva, S.M., Venceslau, S.S., Fernandes, C.L., Valente, F.M., and Pereira, I.A,. (2008) Hydrogen as an energy source for the human pathogen Bilophila wadsworthia. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 93: 381-390.
De Luca, G., de Philip, P., Dermoun, Z., Rousset, M., and Verméglio, A. (2001) Reduction of technetium(VII) by Desulfovibrio fructosovorans is mediated by the nickel-iron hydrogenase. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 4583-4587.
Dolla, A., Pohorelic, B.K., Voordouw, J.K., and Voordouw, G. (2000) Deletion of the hmc operon of Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Hildenborough hampers hydrogen metabolism and low-redox-potential niche establishment. Arch. Microbiol. 174: 143-151.
Dross, F., Geisler, V., Lenger, R., Theis, F., Krafft, T., Fahrenholz, F., Kojro, E., Duchêne, A. Tripier, D., Juvenal, K. and Kröger, A. (1992) The quinone-reactive Ni/Fe-hydrogenase of Wolinella succinogenes. Eur. J. Biochem. 206: 93-102.
Goodman, T.G. and Hoffman, P.S. (1983) Hydrogenase activity in catalase-positive strains of Campylobacter spp. J. Clin. Microbiol. 18: 825-829.
Gross, R., Simon, J., Theis, F., and Kröger, A. (1998) Two membrane anchors of Wolinella succinogenes hydrogenase and their function in fumarate and polysulfide respiration. Arch. Microbiol. 170: 50-58.
Hamann, E. et al. (2016) Environmental Breviatea harbour mutualistic Arcobacter epibionts. Nature 534: 254-258.
Hansen, M. and Perner, M. (2015) A novel hydrogen oxidizer amidst the sulfur-oxidizing Thiomicrospira lineage. ISME J. 9: 696-707.
Howlett, R.M., Hughes, B.M., Hitchcock, A. and Kelly, D.J. (2012) Hydrogenase activity in the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni depends upon a novel ABC-type nickel transporter (NikZYXWV) and is SlyD-independent. Microbiol. 158: 1645-1655.
Jankielewicz, A., Klimmek, O., and Kröger, A. (1995) The electron transfer from hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase to polysulfide reductase in the membrane of Wolinella succinogenes. BBA Bioenerg. 1231: 157-162.
Kuhns, L.G., Benoit, S.L., Bayyareddy, K., Johnson, D., Orlando, R., Evans, A.L., Waldrop, G.L., and Maier, R.J. (2016) Carbon fixation driven by molecular hydrogen results in chemolithoautotrophically enhanced growth of Helicobacter pylori. J. Bacteriol. 198: 1423-1428.
Le Laz, S., Kpebe, A., Lorquin, J., Brugna, M. and Rousset, M. (2014) H₂-dependent azoreduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1: involvement of secreted flavins and both [Ni-Fe] and [Fe-Fe] hydrogenases. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 98: 2699-2707.
Li, X., McInerney, M.J., Stahl, D.A. and Krumholz, L.R., 2011. Metabolism of H₂ by Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20 during syntrophic growth on lactate. Microbiol. 157: 2912-2921.
Maier, R.J., Fu, C., Gilbert, J., Moshiri, F., Olson, J., and Plaut, A.G. (1996) Hydrogen uptake hydrogenase in Helicobacter pylori. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 141: 71-76.
Maier, R.J., Olson, J., and Olczak, A. (2003) Hydrogen-oxidizing capabilities of Helicobacter hepaticus and in vivo availability of the substrate. J. Bacteriol. 185: 2680-2682.
Malki, S., De Luca, G., Fardeau, M.L., Rousset, M., Belaich, J.P., and Dermoun, Z. (1997) Physiological characteristics and growth behavior of single and double hydrogenase mutants of Desulfovibrio fructosovorans. Arch. Microbiol. 167: 38-45.
Marshall, M.J. et al. (2008) Hydrogenase-and outer membrane c-type cytochrome-facilitated reduction of technetium(VII) by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Environ. Microbiol. 10: 125-136.
Mehta, N.S., Benoit, S., Mysore, J.V., Sousa, R.S., and Maier, R.J. (2005) Helicobacter hepaticus hydrogenase mutants are deficient in hydrogen-supported amino acid uptake and in causing liver lesions in A/J mice. Infect. Immun. 73: 5311-5318.
Meshulam-Simon, G., Behrens, S., Choo, A.D., and Spormann, A.M. (2007) Hydrogen metabolism in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 1153-1165.
Meyer, B., Kuehl, J.V., Deutschbauer, A.M., Arkin, A.P., and Stahl, D.A. (2013) Flexibility of syntrophic enzyme systems in Desulfovibrio species ensures their adaptation capability to environmental changes. J. Bacteriol. 195: 4900-4914.
Morais-Silva, F.O., Santos, C.I., Rodrigues, R., Pereira, I.A., and Rodrigues-Pousada, C. (2013) Roles of HynAB and Ech, the only two hydrogenases found in the model sulfate reducer Desulfovibrio gigas. J. Bacteriol. 195: 4753-4760.
Olson, J.W. and Maier, R.J. (2002) Molecular hydrogen as an energy source for Helicobacter pylori. Science 298: 1788-1790.
Pereira, I.A., Romão, C.V., Xavier, A.V., LeGall, J., and Teixeira, M. (1998) Electron transfer between hydrogenases and mono-and multiheme cytochromes in Desulfovibrio ssp. J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 3 494-498.
Rapp-Giles, B.J., Casalot, L., English, R.S., Ringbauer, J.A., Dolla, A., and Wall, J.D. (2000) Cytochrome c₃ mutants of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 671-677.
Schumacher, W., Kroneck, P.M., and Pfennig, N. (1992) Comparative systematic study on "Spirillum" 5175, Campylobacter and Wolinella species. Arch. Microbiol. 158: 287-293.
Wang, G., Romero-Gallo, J., Benoit, S.L., Piazuelo, M.B., Dominguez, R.L., Morgan, D.R., Peek, R.M., and Maier, R.J. (2016) Hydrogen metabolism in Helicobacter pylori plays a role in gastric carcinogenesis through facilitating CagA translocation. mBio 7: e01022-16.
Weerakoon, D.R., Borden, N.J., Goodson, C.M., Grimes, J., and Olson, J.W. (2009) The role of respiratory donor enzymes in Campylobacter jejuni host colonization and physiology. Microb. Pathog. 47: 8-15.

Biochemistry:

Berlier, Y., Fauque, G.D., LeGall, J., Choi, E.S., Peck, H.D. and Lespinat, P.A. (1987) Inhibition studies of three classes of Desulfovibrio hydrogenase: application to the further characterization of the multiple hydrogenases found in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 146: 147-153.
Dementin, S., Burlat, B., De Lacey, A.L., Pardo, A., Adryanczyk-Perrier, G., Guigliarelli, B., Fernandez, V.M., and Rousset, M. (2004) A glutamate is the essential proton transfer gate during the catalytic cycle of the [NiFe] hydrogenase. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 10508-10513.
Fernandez, V.M., Hatchikian, E.C., and Cammack, R. (1985) Properties and reactivation of two different deactivated forms of Desulfovibrio gigas hydrogenase. BBA Prot. Struct. Mol. Enzymol. 832: 69-79.
Gross, R., Simon, J., Lancaster, C.R.D., and Kröger, A. (1998) Identification of histidine residues in Wolinella succinogenes hydrogenase that are essential for menaquinone reduction by H₂. Mol. Microbiol. 30: 639-646.
Gross, R., Pisa, R., Sänger, M., Lancaster, C.R.D., and Simon, J. (2004) Characterization of the menaquinone reduction site in the diheme cytochrome b membrane anchor of Wolinella succinogenes NiFe-hydrogenase. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 274-281.
Hatchikian, C.E., Traore, A.S., Fernandez, V.M., and Cammack, R. (1990) Characterization of the nickel-iron periplasmic hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio fructosovorans. Eur. J. Biochem. 187: 635-643.
Higuchi, Y., Ogata, H., Miki, K., Yasuoka, N., and Yagi, T. (1999) Removal of the bridging ligand atom at the Ni-Fe active site of [NiFe] hydrogenase upon reduction with H₂, as revealed by X-ray structure analysis at 1.4 Å resolution. Structure 7: 549-556.
Higuchi, Y., Yagi, T., and Yasuoka, N. (1997) Unusual ligand structure in Ni-Fe active center and an additional Mg site in hydrogenase revealed by high resolution X-ray structure analysis. Structure 5: 1671-1680.
Leroux, F., Dementin, S., Burlat, B., Cournac, L., Volbeda, A., Champ, S., Martin, L., Guigliarelli, B., Bertrand, P., Fontecilla-Camps, J., and Rousset, M. (2008) Experimental approaches to kinetics of gas diffusion in hydrogenase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 11188-11193.
Matias, P.M., Soares, C.M., Saraiva, L.M., Coelho, R., Morais, J., Le Gall, J., and Carrondo, M.A. (2001) [NiFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27774: gene sequencing, three-dimensional structure determination and refinement at 1.8 Å and modelling studies of its interaction with the tetrahaem cytochrome c₃. J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 6: 63-81.
Ogata, H., Hirota, S., Nakahara, A., Komori, H., Shibata, N., Kato, T., Kano, K., and Higuchi, Y. (2005) Activation process of [NiFe] hydrogenase elucidated by high-resolution X-ray analyses: conversion of the ready to the unready state. Structure 13: 1635-1642.
Ogata, H., Mizoguchi, Y., Mizuno, N., Miki, K., Adachi, S.I., Yasuoka, N., Yagi, T., Yamauchi, O., Hirota, S., and Higuchi, Y. (2002) Structural studies of the carbon monoxide complex of [NiFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F: suggestion for the initial activation site for dihydrogen. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124: 11628-11635.
Ogata, H., Nishikawa, K., and Lubitz, W. (2015) Hydrogens detected by subatomic resolution protein crystallography in a [NiFe] hydrogenase. Nature 520: 571-574.
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