[FeFe] Group A3-hydrogenase
This entry was last updated at: Feb. 9, 2018, 6:46 a.m.
Properties
| Group | [FeFe]-hydrogenases |
| Subgroup | [FeFe] Group A3: Bifurcating |
| Function | Bifurcates electrons from H2 to NAD and ferredoxin. Reverse reaction can also occur resulting in reoxidation of redox carriers concomitant with fermentative H2 evolution. |
| Activity | Electron-bifurcation |
| Oxygen tolerance | O2-labile |
| Localisation | Cytosolic |
Distribution
| Ecosystem distribution | Gastrointestinal tracts, anoxic soils and sediments |
| Taxonomic distribution | Widespread in anaerobic bacteria, including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Deltaproteobacteria, and Spirochaetes |
Genetic Organisation
Organisation 1: Thermotoga maritima (WP_004081677.1):
Organisation 2: Desulfovibrio fructosovorans (WP_005990603.1):
Architecture
| Structures |
|
| Subunits | 3 or 4 |
| Subunit description | HydA (catalytic subunit) HydB (diaphorase subunit) HydC (thioredoxin) In organisation 2, an additional thioredoxin (HydD) is present |
| Catalytic site | [FeFe]-centre |
| FeS clusters | Organisation 1: 3 [4Fe4S] clusters, 2 [2Fe2S] clusters Organisation 2: 3 [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 [2Fe2S] cluster |
Sequences in this class
| NCBI Accession | Organism | Hydrogenase Class | Phylum | Order | Activity (Predicted) | Oxygen Tolerance (Predicted) | Subunits (Predicted) | Metal Centres (Predicted) | Accessory Subunits (Predicted) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WP_004401666.1 | Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_006570153.1 | Thermoanaerobacter siderophilus | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_009609852.1 | Caldanaerobacter subterraneus | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_011393219.1 | Moorella thermoacetica | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_012543947.1 | Coprothermobacter proteolyticus | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_012994913.1 | Thermoanaerobacter italicus | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_013275360.1 | Thermosediminibacter oceani | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_013275513.1 | Thermosediminibacter oceani | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_013290549.1 | Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_013297608.1 | Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_013403316.1 | Caldicellulosiruptor hydrothermalis | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_013412032.1 | Caldicellulosiruptor owensensis | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_013430372.1 | Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_013756843.1 | Thermodesulfobium narugense | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_013778939.1 | Tepidanaerobacter acetatoxydans | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_013779523.1 | Tepidanaerobacter acetatoxydans | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 2 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_013780878.1 | Mahella australiensis | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_013781004.1 | Mahella australiensis | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_013787823.1 | Thermoanaerobacterium xylanolyticum | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_014062655.1 | Thermoanaerobacter wiegelii | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_014758969.1 | Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_015738331.1 | Ammonifex degensii | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_015739748.1 | Ammonifex degensii | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_015907776.1 | Caldicellulosiruptor bescii | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_018962529.1 | Coprothermobacter platensis | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_026485852.1 | Caldanaerobius polysaccharolyticus | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 4 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin, thioredoxin |
| WP_027717485.1 | Desulfovirgula thermocuniculi | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_027718652.1 | Desulfovirgula thermocuniculi | [FeFe] Group A3 | Firmicutes | Thermoanaerobacterales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 2 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_022854720.1 | Thermodesulfobacterium thermophilum | [FeFe] Group A3 | Thermodesulfobacteria | Thermodesulfobacteriales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 2 x [4Fe4S] clusters | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_004081677.1 | Thermotoga maritima | [FeFe] Group A3 | Thermotogae | Thermotogales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 2 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_011993415.1 | Fervidobacterium nodosum | [FeFe] Group A3 | Thermotogae | Thermotogales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 2 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_012002999.1 | Thermotoga lettingae | [FeFe] Group A3 | Thermotogae | Thermotogales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 2 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_012056718.1 | Thermosipho melanesiensis | [FeFe] Group A3 | Thermotogae | Thermotogales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 2 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_012208968.1 | Petrotoga mobilis | [FeFe] Group A3 | Thermotogae | Thermotogales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_012311063.1 | Thermotoga sp. RQ2 | [FeFe] Group A3 | Thermotogae | Thermotogales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 2 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_012579795.1 | Thermosipho africanus | [FeFe] Group A3 | Thermotogae | Thermotogales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 2 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_013931427.1 | Thermotoga thermarum | [FeFe] Group A3 | Thermotogae | Thermotogales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 2 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_014296497.1 | Marinitoga piezophila | [FeFe] Group A3 | Thermotogae | Thermotogales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_014451418.1 | Fervidobacterium pennivorans | [FeFe] Group A3 | Thermotogae | Thermotogales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 2 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_015919559.1 | Thermotoga neapolitana | [FeFe] Group A3 | Thermotogae | Thermotogales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 2 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_028843229.1 | Thermotoga elfii | [FeFe] Group A3 | Thermotogae | Thermotogales | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 2 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_015424900.1 | Cloacimonas acidaminovorans | [FeFe] Group A3 | Cloacimonetes | Unclassified | Bifurcating | Labile | 1 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
| WP_022849147.1 | Chloroflexi sp. 439 | [FeFe] Group A3 | Chloroflexi | Unclassified | Bifurcating | Labile | 3 | [FeFe]-centre, 3 x [4Fe4S] clusters, 1 x [2Fe2S] cluster | NADH dehydrogenase, thioredoxin |
Literature
Genetics:
- Calusinska, M., Happe, T., Joris, B., and Wilmotte, A. (2010) The surprising diversity of clostridial hydrogenases: a comparative genomic perspective. Microbiol. 156: 1575-1588.
- Greening, C., Biswas, A., Carere, C.R., Jackson, C.J., Taylor, M.C., Stott, M.B., Cook, G.M., and Morales, S.E. (2016) Genomic and metagenomic surveys of hydrogenase distribution indicate H2 is a widely utilised energy source for microbial growth and survival. ISME J. 10: 761-777.
- Malki, S., Saimmaime, I., De Luca, G., Rousset, M., Dermoun, Z., and Belaich, J.P., (1995) Characterization of an operon encoding an NADP-reducing hydrogenase in Desulfovibrio fructosovorans. J. Bacteriol. 177: 2628-2636.
- Poudel, S., Tokmina-Lukaszewska, M., Colman, D.R., Refai, M., Schut, G.J., King, P.W., Maness, P.C., Adams, M.W., Peters, J.W., Bothner, B., and Boyd, E.S. (2016) Unification of [FeFe]-hydrogenases into three structural and functional groups. BBA Gen. Subj. 1860: 1910-1921.
- Verhagen, M.F., O'Rourke, T. and Adams, M.W. (1999) The hyperthermophilic bacterium, Thermotoga maritima, contains an unusually complex iron-hydrogenase: amino acid sequence analyses versus biochemical characterization. BBA Bioenerg. 1412: 212-229.
- Wolf, P.G., Biswas, A., Morales, S.E., Greening, C., and Gaskins, H.R. (2016) H2 metabolism is widespread and diverse among human colonic microbes. Gut Microb. 7: 235-245.
- Zheng, Y., Kahnt, J., Kwon, I.H., Mackie, R.I., and Thauer, R.K. (2014) Hydrogen formation and its regulation in Ruminococcus albus: involvement of an electron-bifurcating [FeFe]-hydrogenase, of a non-electron-bifurcating [FeFe]-hydrogenase, and of a putative hydrogen-sensing [FeFe]-hydrogenase. J. Bacteriol. 196: 3840-3852.
Physiology:
- Buckel, W. and Thauer, R.K. (2013) Energy conservation via electron bifurcating ferredoxin reduction and proton/Na+ translocating ferredoxin oxidation. BBA Bioenerg. 1827: 94-113.
- Mock, J., Zheng, Y., Mueller, A.P., Ly, S., Tran, L., Segovia, S., Nagaraju, S., Köpke, M., Dürre, P., and Thauer, R.K. (2015) Energy conservation associated with ethanol formation from H2 and CO2 in Clostridium autoethanogenum involving electron bifurcation. J. Bacteriol. 197: 2965-2980.
- Schuchmann, K. and Müller, V. (2014) Autotrophy at the thermodynamic limit of life: a model for energy conservation in acetogenic bacteria. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 12: 809-821.
- Wang, S., Huang, H., Kahnt, J., and Thauer, R.K. (2013) A reversible electron-bifurcating ferredoxin-and NAD-dependent [FeFe]-hydrogenase (HydABC) in Moorella thermoacetica. J. Bacteriol. 195: 1267-1275.
Biochemistry:
- Caserta, G., Adamska-Venkatesh, A., Pecqueur, L., Atta, M., Artero, V., Roy, S., Reijerse, E., Lubitz, W., and Fontecave, M. (2016) Chemical assembly of multiple metal cofactors: the heterologously expressed multidomain [FeFe]-hydrogenase from Megasphaera elsdenii. BBA Bioenerg. 1857: 1734-1740.
- Losey, N.A., Mus, F., Peters, J.W., Le, H.M., and McInerney, M.J. (2017) Syntrophomonas wolfei uses an NADH-dependent, ferredoxin-independent [FeFe]-hydrogenase to reoxidize NADH. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 83: e01335-17.
- Schuchmann, K. and Müller, V. (2012) A bacterial electron-bifurcating hydrogenase. J. Biol. Chem. 287: 31165-31171.
- Schut, G.J. and Adams, M.W. (2009) The iron-hydrogenase of Thermotoga maritima utilizes ferredoxin and NADH synergistically: a new perspective on anaerobic hydrogen production. J. Bacteriol. 191: 4451-4457.
- Soboh, B., Linder, D., and Hedderich, R. (2004) A multisubunit membrane-bound [NiFe] hydrogenase and an NADH-dependent Fe-only hydrogenase in the fermenting bacterium Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis. Microbiol. 150: 2451-2463.